Introduction Strabismus, a visual disorder characterized by misalignment of the eyes, results from a lack of coordination in ocular alignment, causing the eyes to fail to focus on the same point in visual space. This misalignment disrupts binocular vision and significantly affects the patient’s quality of visual perception. The global prevalence of strabismus ranges from...Read More

Introduction Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity, particularly when associated with rare conditions such as complete hydatidiform mole. This type of pregnancy poses a significant challenge to clinicians, requiring a deep understanding of pathological changes and abnormal physiological responses.(1) The occurrence of molar pregnancy in an ectopic site is extremely rare, with...Read More

Introduction Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease (GALD), formerly referred to as neonatal hemochromatosis or neonatal iron storage disease, is a rare disorder characterized by severe hepatic failure and iron deposition in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues (hemosiderosis) during the fetal and neonatal periods. It is thought to result from an abnormal maternal immune response, similar to...Read More

Introduction Drowning represents a critical public health issue, causing approximately 236,000 deaths annually worldwide, making it the third leading cause of death from unintentional injuries globally. In the United States, the average number of deaths due to unintentional drowning exceeds 4,000 per year, with specific populations, such as children aged 1 to 4 years, being...Read More

Introduction Benzodiazepines are sedative and hypnotic medications used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and also serve as an adjunct in surgical anesthesia. These drugs primarily modulate GABA receptors, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, thereby exerting a calming effect and managing symptoms effectively. When used within recommended doses and under medical supervision,...Read More

Introduction Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic. While it is generally safe when used within recommended doses, acetaminophen overdose is a common cause of Acute Liver Failure (ALF),(1) leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Acetaminophen poisoning results from both acute overdose and Repeated Supratherapeutic Ingestion (RSTI), which can...Read More

Introduction Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is extensively recognized for its analgesic and antipyretic properties, and it remains a widely utilized pharmaceutical agent due to its favorable safety profile when administered within the recommended therapeutic range. However, surpassing the established safety threshold can precipitate significant adverse effects, most notably hepatotoxicity mediated by the excessive accumulation of the reactive...Read More